This paper proposes a methodology for making low-level system code of
operating systems be replaceable at runtime. Our approach is to use co
ncurrent objects as a basic programming unit for low-level system prog
rams. To realize the different need for each type of system code and t
o execute these concurrent objects sufficiently efficient, we use a co
mbination of dedicated system service layers and other implementation
techniques. System service layers provide the most suitable primitive
operations for each concurrent object. Under our programming model for
low-level system code, which we call SCONE, it is possible to program
low-level system code without hazardous operations such as explicit s
ynchronization, direct scheduler manipulation, etc. We present the imp
lementation of our methodology on the Apertos operating system and dem
onstrate its efficiency with performance evaluation.