EFFECT OF PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE PRELOA DS ON FOOD AND ENERGY INTAKES IN PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT NUTRITIONAL-STATUS

Three preloads: high in simple carbohydrates (fruit juice), high in co mplex carbohydrates (banana) and high in protein (chicken meat), were tested in two groups of preschool children (56), aged 2 to 4 years fro m both genders. One group had a normal weight for height and the other high weight for height. The preload were given thirty minutes before lunch. The lunches consisted in a legume dish, apple and a milk desser t. Children were stimulated but not forced to eat and the amount of fo ods consumed was determined by differential wieghing. The results show ed that overweight children had a lower consumption at lunch that norm al children when the high carbohydrate preloads were tested. High simp le carbohydrate preload, 338,2 +/- 87.0 vs 350,9 +/- 75.9, high comple x carbohydrate preload, 336.2 +/- 109.6 vs 375.4 +/- 89.4. High protei n preload had not effect on the lunch consumption in the two groups of children studied. When an analysis by age of children were made, divi ding the normal and overweight children in two groups, 24 to 36 months and 36 to 48 months,it was demonstrated that differences in lunch con sumption between the normal and overweight children was derived essent ailly from the results obtained in children of 24 to 36 months, high s imple carbohydrate preload 282.3 +/- 88.9 g vs. 318.5 +/- 80.0 g and i n the high complex carbohydrate preload, 262.6 +/- 98.9 g vs 364.5 +/- 116.3 g. When energy intake derived from food consumption was analyze d, the same tendency described for food consumption was demonstrated. The results presented show a different response of overweight children to the high carbohydrate preloads consumed before lunch, specially in children aged 24 to 36 months. This findings are important since they give an experimental information that can be utilized to find metabol ic answers in relation to the onset of obesity in the childhood and to establish dietary recommendations in order to alleviate the risk of o besity in children.