Generalized genomic instability, detected as somatic changes in allele
sizes at microsatellite loci in tumors compared to peripheral lymphoc
yte DNA, is a recently recognized mechanism of mutation in cancer. Suc
h instability results from the somatic loss of DNA mismatch repair cap
ability. Germ-line mutations at DNA mismatch repair loci confer suscep
tibility to colon cancer in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
. Somatic loss of DNA mismatch repair has been reported in a large var
iety of other tumor types. Our goal was to determine the frequency of
microsatellite instability in a large series of oral tumors. Out of 91
tumors analyzed for microsatellite instability, 6 (7%) showed microsa
tellite instability. Instability was observed at multiple loci with a
range of 50-74% of loci affected. Alterations include both increase (7
4%) and decrease (26%) in allele sizes. The proportion of alleles affe
cted ranged from 30-58% of all alleles. Our data suggest that somatic
genomic instability plays a role in the pathogenesis of a small subset
of oral tumors. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.