The nature of rehabilitation medicine is outlined in terms of its obje
ctives, its methods, the patient groups which it seeks to help and its
relationships to other specialties. Some major advances of recent yea
rs are discussed, such as the development of the impairment/disability
/handicap framework. With particular emphasis upon neurological rehabi
litation, the breadth of the specialty is then illustrated with exampl
es of current preoccupations. These include recovery patterns of the d
amaged nervous system, testing the efficacy of existing therapies, app
lying new treatment techniques and developing quantitative measures of
disability and handicap. Looking to the future, some key areas are id
entified where further advances might be sought.