This article reviews the basic skills needed by all dialysis staff to
correctly, cannulate an AV fistulla or PTFE graft. Ways to identify, t
he two types of accesses and to determine the direction of bloodflow a
re described Access site determination and preparation, needle placeme
nt and direction, and various cannulation techniques are explained and
supported by illustrations. Complications are examined, as are possib
le treatments and ways to prevent recurrences.