FROM MINIMAL MODELS TO REAL PROTEINS - TIME SCALES FOR PROTEIN-FOLDING KINETICS

The multipathway mechanism discovered using minimal protein models in conjunction with scaling arguments are used to obtain time scales for the various processes in the folding of real proteins. We consider pat hways involving low energy native-like structures as well as direct pa thways that proceed via a nucleation mechanism. The average activation barrier separating the low energy structures and the native state is predicted to scale as root N where N is the number of aminoacids in th e proteins. In addition estimates of folding times for direct pathways in which collapse and folding are (almost) synchronous are given. It is argued folding sequences whose folding transition temperature is ve ry close to the collapse transition temperature are likely to reach th e native conformation rapidly.