Cf. Lo et al., WHITE SPOT SYNDROME BACULOVIRUS (WSBV) DETECTED IN CULTURED AND CAPTURED SHRIMP, CRABS AND OTHER ARTHROPODS, Diseases of aquatic organisms, 27(3), 1996, pp. 215-225
White spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) has been found across different
shrimp species and in different Asian countries. The detection of WSB
V in shrimp with white spot syndrome has already been achieved by mean
s of 1-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In an attempt to establis
h a more sensitive assay, we evaluated the effect of 2-step amplificat
ion with nested primers on the sensitivity of WSBV diagnostic PCR. The
sensitivity of the 2-step amplification was 10(3) to 10(4) times high
er than that of 1-step amplification. Using both techniques, we succes
sfully detected WSBV DNA in cultured and captured shrimp, crabs and ot
her arthropods. Cultured Penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp), P. japo
nicus (kuruma shrimp), P. penicillatus (red tail shrimp), and Metapena
eus ensis (sand shrimp) displaying white spot syndrome were collected
from farms at different localities. One-step amplification of the DNA
extracted from these shrimps consistently yielded an expected 1447 bp
PCR product. Some of the tested specimens of cultured Scylla serrata (
mud crab) that exhibited white spot syndrome were positive in 1-step W
SBV diagnostic PCR, while others were positive only in 2-step WSBV dia
gnostic PCR. Use of the 2-step amplification protocol also detected a
WSBV-specific DNA fragment in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (the giant fre
shwater prawn) exhibiting white spot syndrome. We also confirmed that
WSBV exists in wild-caught shrimp (P. monodon, P. japonicus, P. semisu
lcatus and P. penicillatus) and crabs (Charybdis feriatus, Portunus pe
lagicus and P. sanguinolentus) collected from the natural environment
in coastal waters around southern Taiwan. Detection of WSBV in non-cul
tured arthropods collected from WSBV-affected shrimp farms revealed th
at copepods, the pest crab Helice tridens, small pest Palaemonidae pra
wn and the larvae of an Ephydridae insect were reservoir hosts of WSBV
. The relatedness between WSBV and Thailand's systemic ectodermal and
mesodermal baculovirus (SEMBV) is discussed in this paper.