Nine species of Acanthaceae are added to the known flora of Panama, in
cluding the newly described species Aphelandra X-una. Range extensions
into Panama are reported for A. scolnikae, Justicia ephemera, Odonton
ema cuspidatum, O. rubrum, Sanchezia lutea, and S. parvibracteata. Rev
ised keys to all Panamanian species of Aphelandra, Odontonema, and San
chezia are provided. Two cultivated species, Pachystachys lutea and Ju
sticia betonica, are also recorded from Panama for the first time.