We report in this work a record low threshold (similar to 4 mA, cw), 1
.55 mu m wavelength, grating-coupled surface-emitting laser (GCSEL) wh
ich rivals all other existing SELs in the 1.3 or/and 1.55 mu m regions
. Methods to improve the asymmetric far-field patterns and to obtain e
ven lower threshold SELs are also demonstrated and/or suggested. (C) 1
995 American Institute of Physics.