The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is involved in the regulat
ion of cell growth. The system involves a network of molecules that in
cludes the IGFs themselves (IGF-I and -II), IGF receptors (types I and
II), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 through -6), and IGFBP proteases.
Characterization of this complex system in the prostate has recently b
een initiated. Prostatic cell lines as well as primary cultures of pro
static epithelial and stromal cells have been analyzed for expression
of IGFs, receptors, and IGFBPs. Prostatic epithelial cells and, quite
likely, stromal cells as well respond to the mitogenic activity of IGF
s via the type I IGF receptor. Prostatic stromal cells synthesize and
secrete IGF-II; there is evidence that prostatic cell lines also synth
esize IGFs, but this has not been confirmed in primary cultures of pro
static epithelial cells. Prostatic stromal and epithelial cells secret
e a number of IGFBPs. The biological impact of some of these IGFBPs on
the growth of prostatic cells has been examined, and proteolytic clea
vage of IGFBP-3 by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been demonstrat
ed. Aberrations in several elements of the IGF system have been observ
ed in stromal cells derived from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). T
he IGF system may therefore have a part in the etiology of BPH as well
as in normal and malignant processes in the prostate.