Jp. Crutchfield et M. Mitchell, THE EVOLUTION OF EMERGENT COMPUTATION, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United Statesof America, 92(23), 1995, pp. 10742-10746
A simple evolutionary process can discover sophisticated methods for e
mergent information processing in decentralized spatially extended sys
tems. The mechanisms underlying the resulting emergent computation are
explicated by a technique for analyzing particle-based logic embedded
in pattern-forming systems. Understanding how globally coordinated co
mputation can emerge in evolution is relevant both for the scientific
understanding of natural information processing and for engineering ne
rv forms of parallel computing systems.