Two species of land nemertines have been reported from Rodrigues. The
first, Geonemertes rodericana, was discovered by Gulliver in 1874 at w
hich time extensive searches revealed no other species on the island;
in 1993 two of the present authors visited Rodrigues and could find on
ly G. pelaensis, a species which is widespread on other Indopacific is
lands including Reunion, a new locality reported in the present paper.
Histological re-examination of G. rodericana shows that, while the tw
o species are closely related, both being correctly placed in the genu
s Geonemertes (Prosorhochmidae), they differ not only in colour but al
so in internal features; for example, G. pelaensis is hermaphroditic w
hile G. rodericana is dioecious. A full description of G. rodericana i
s given here for the first time. Geonemertes rodericana has only been
recorded from the island of Rodrigues and is now feared to be extinct.