Dr. Denison et al., PARADOX AND PERFORMANCE - TOWARD A THEORY OF BEHAVIORAL COMPLEXITY INMANAGERIAL LEADERSHIP, Organization science, 6(5), 1995, pp. 524-540
This paper explores the paradoxes and competing values inherent in lea
dership behavior. Scales for eight leadership roles are developed, pro
viding empirical data about 176 executives. The article contributes to
the theoretical understanding of the paradoxes of leadership and intr
oduces the concept of behavioral complexity to understand leader behav
ior and integrate theoretical findings in the leadership literature.