POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL NEPHROTOXICITY SECONDARY TO PROLONGED HIGH-DOSE INTRAVENOUS LORAZEPAM

OBJECTIVE: TO report a patient with a probable acute tubular necrosis (ATN) induced by chronic exposure to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400 via long-term, massive dosage of intravenous lorazepam. CASE SUMMARY: A 5 7-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse was admitted to the int ensive care unit for acute respiratory failure. Lorazepam therapy was initiated in anticipation of alcohol withdrawal. Dosages up to 18 mg/h were required to provide adequate sedation and optimize ventilation. On day 43, the patient developed oliguric ATN of unknown etiology. The cumulative intravenous lorazepam dose was 4089 mg, equivalent to appr oximately 220 mL of PEG-400. Blood urea nitrogen concentrations follow ed a pattern that paralleled lorazepam dosage increases and decreases. Protein and granular casts were evident in urinalyses performed on da ys 12 and 29. The patient eventually experienced complete recovery. DI SCUSSION: ATN associated with intravenous PEG was last reported in 195 9 in 6 of 32 patients receiving a cumulative PEG-300 dose of 120-200 m L over 3-5 days via an intravenous nitrofurantoin preparation. Two of the 6 patients died. Chronic administration of intravenous PEG to rabb its over a 5-week period has caused cloudy swelling of the renal tubul ar epithelium, increased blood urea concentrations, and death in some animals. CONCLUSIONS: ATN probably resulted from chronic PEG exposure via massive doses of lorazepam injection, possibly enhanced by concurr ent administration of vancomycin.