HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS POSSESSING A NOVEL, HIGH-AFFINITY, AND ACHIRAL P-1' P-2' LIGAND WITH A UNIQUE PATTERN OF IN-VITRO RESISTANCE - IMPORTANCE OF A CONFORMATIONALLY-RESTRICTED TEMPLATE IN THE DESIGN OF ENZYME-INHIBITORS/
Jvnv. Prasad et al., HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS POSSESSING A NOVEL, HIGH-AFFINITY, AND ACHIRAL P-1' P-2' LIGAND WITH A UNIQUE PATTERN OF IN-VITRO RESISTANCE - IMPORTANCE OF A CONFORMATIONALLY-RESTRICTED TEMPLATE IN THE DESIGN OF ENZYME-INHIBITORS/, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 117(45), 1995, pp. 11070-11074
Achiral pyran-2-one analogs possessing a 3-S-(2-alkylphenyl) group wer
e determined to be high-affinity inhibitors for human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) protease (PR). Crystallographic, modeling, and structure-
activity studies led to the 3-S-(2-tert-butylphenyl) moiety as an appa
rent optimal group to access the S-2'/S-1' pockets of the enzyme. Furt
her optimization led to an inhibitor, utylphenyl)sulfanyl]-4-hydroxy-6
-(3-methylphenyl)- pyran-2-one (14), possessing a K-i of 3 nM. An X-ra
y crystallographic structure of an inhibitor, 4-hydroxy-3-[(2-isopropy
lphenyl) sulfanyl]-6-phenylpyran-2-one (8), bound to HIV PR showed tha
t the 3-S-(2-isopropylphenyl) group occupied the P-2' and P-1' pockets
, while other crucial interactions were common to those found with oth
er pyran-2-one analogs. The high potency observed for this series may
be due, in part, to the restrictions on the intramolecular collapsibil
ity of these molecules in aqueous solution, leading to a highly favora
ble hydrophobic effect on binding. Herein we report a novel P-2'/P-1'
achiral ligand which results in a tight-binding inhibitor that occupie
s only three pockets in the enzyme and exhibits a unique pattern of in
vitro resistance.