Mj. Mustari et al., RESPONSE PROPERTIES OF PRETECTAL OMNIDIRECTIONAL PAUSE NEURONS IN THEBEHAVING PRIMATE, Journal of neurophysiology, 77(1), 1997, pp. 116-125
We have identified a region in the pretectum of rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta) that contains units that evince a complete cessation in firi
ng immediately after saccades. The pause occurs for saccades to target
steps and catch up saccades during smooth pursuit, spontaneously in c
omplete darkness or after quick phases of nystagmus. Because the pause
in unit firing always follows saccade onset, we call these neurons fo
llowing omnidirectional pause neurons (FOPNs). Because the pause also
occurs with saccades in the dark, it is related to the saccade per se
and is not a visually contingent response. The duration of the pause i
n firing exceeded the duration of all saccades up to 40 deg. For targe
ting saccades, the start of the pause was locked rather tightly to the
beginning of the saccade but began an average of 51 ms after the sacc
ade did. The end of the pause was linked only loosely to either the be
ginning or end of the saccade. About half (54%) of our 59 FOPNs also d
ischarged a distinct burst of firing that preceded the pause. In diffe
rent units, the burst preceded saccade onset by from 0 to 20 ms with a
n average of 11 ms and therefore could signal the occurrence of an imp
ending saccade. The presaccadic burst was not correlated with any para
meter of the saccade. Most FOPNs were found 278 mu m, on average, dors
al to the direction-selective units characteristic of the pretectal nu
cleus of the optic tract (NOT) and occasionally slightly beyond the an
terior-posterior and medial-lateral borders of the NOT. The FOPN regio
n does not coincide with any known anatomically or functionally deline
ated pretectal nucleus. Because the characteristics of the FOPN pause
are not reflected in the characteristics of the saccade and the FOPN p
ause occurs well after the saccade is over, it is unlikely that the pa
use in pretectal FOPNs is involved with saccade generation. On the oth
er hand, the leading burst exhibited by the majority of FOPNs reliably
signals that a saccade is occurring but neither its size nor directio
n. Perhaps this signal indicating the occurrence of all saccades is ro
uted to visual relay neurons to effect saccadic modification of visual
pathways. The substantial efferent connections of the FOPN/NOT region
to the pregeniculate nucleus and the saccadic discharge of pregenicul
ate cells are discussed in the context of this suggestion.