Kn. Wright et al., EFFUSIVE-CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDIAL DISEASE SECONDARY TO OSSEOUS METAPLASIA OF THE PERICARDIUM IN A DOG, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 209(12), 1996, pp. 2091-2095
Effusive-constrictive pericardial disease is rare in dogs. Causes of c
onstrictive pericardial disease include trauma and fungal, mycobacteri
al, and actinomycotic infections. Many cases are idiopathic.