Sl. Henry et al., THE ANTIBIOTIC BEAD POUCH TECHNIQUE - THE MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE COMPOUND FRACTURES, Clinical orthopaedics and related research, (295), 1993, pp. 54-62
In a consecutive series of 704 compound fractures, 227 open fractures
in 204 patients were managed with the antibiotic bead pouch technique.
There were 16 Grade I compound fractures, 83 Grade II fractures, and
128 Grade III open fractures. The mean patient age was 35.25 years (ra
nge, 14-87). The injury Severity Score (ISS) ranged from 9 to 57, with
a mean of 15. Porous plastic film is placed over the soft-tissue defe
ct to establish a ''closed'' bead-hematoma-fracture environment contai
ning high local levels of antibiotic at the fracture site. All patient
s had serial wound debridements and parenteral systemic antibiotics (c
efazolin, tobramycin, penicillin). Bead pouch changes ranged from one
to seven per patient (mean, two). During these changes, 1248 cultures
were taken, 78 (6.25%) of which were positive in 34 patients. Seventee
n patients developed clinical signs consistent with an infection. The
wound infection rate was 0% in Grade I open fractures, 1.2% in Grade I
I compound fractures, and 8.6% in Grade III open fractures. The osteom
yelitis rate was 0% in Grade I compound fractures, 2.4% in Grade II op
en fractures, and 5.5% in Grade III compound fractures. Wound closure
was obtained in 134 fractures with delayed primary closure of the skin
, in 53 fractures with flap coverage, and in 23 fractures with split-t
hickness skin graft. Coverage was not completed in 17 wounds, at which
time an amputation was performed or death occurred. Time of closure r
anged from one to 32 days (mean, 7.1 days). The bead pouch technique d
ecreases the incidence of infection and permits staged wound closure o
f severe compound fractures.