Serum concentrations of erythropoietin (EPO) were determined by immuno
assay in 45 patients with thalassemia intermedia (TI). The mean serum
level of EPO was significantly higher in the thalassemic patients than
in the controls, but transfused subjects had lower pretransfusional s
erum concentrations of EPO than untransfused ones. An inverse relation
ship between the serum values of EPO and total hemoglobin was observed
only in the untransfused thalassemic patients. These data suggest tha
t in TI, even a low transfusional regimen may cause a decrease in seru
m concentration of EPO, independent of the level of total Hb.