The diagnosis and treatment of ischial tuberosity pain in athletes inc
lude several clinical entities. These injuries include apophysitis, ad
ult tug lesion, painful unfused apophysis, and acute and old avulsions
. In some avulsion injuries a bony fragment can be seen, but they can
also be x-ray-negative, especially in children. An insertional tendon
rupture is also possible. Conservative treatment of apophysitis includ
es modification of activities and anti-inflammatory medication. Avulsi
ons, if diagnosed early, usually heal with conservative therapy, espec
ially if the displacement is not marked. Urgent surgical treatment is
recommended in cases with total or nearly total soft-tissue hamstring
muscle insertion rupture. Surgery has to be considered also in cases w
ith dislocation of the apophysis or bony avulsion of more than 2cm. Ex
cision of the excessive mass or poorly united fragment provides relief
of pain in some cases of old avulsions.