Vn. Orlov et Rs. Berry, POWER AND EFFICIENCY LIMITS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES VIA METHODS OF FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS, Journal of applied physics, 74(7), 1993, pp. 4317-4322
Analytical expressions for the upper bounds of power and efficiency of
an internal combustion engine are obtained taking into account finite
rate of heat exchange with the environment and nonzero entropy produc
tion due to chemical reactions. Recommendations of theoretically possi
ble ways of improving internal combustion engines are presented.