Between 1972 and 1974, the outcomes of army enlisted men who had serve
d in Vietnam during 1970-71 were evaluated and compared with that of a
matched group. This paper reports the major findings of that study wi
th respect to frequency of narcotic addiction in and after Vietnam, an
d the major risk. factors for Vietnam addiction and later relapse. Ext
raordinary access to records facilitated drawing the sample, locating
it, and verifying interview responses. The surprisingly low levels of
readdiction and the rarity of addiction to narcotics alone as compared
with poly-substance dependence are findings still not entirely incorp
orated into public and scientific views of heroin addiction. Some defe
nses against that incorporation are examined