The interaction of Ar17+ ions on metallic surfaces has been studied at
various incidence angles by looking at the x rays emitted in flight b
y the ions with a crystal spectrometer. A model has been developed to
describe the behavior of the ions outside the surface, and Dirac-Fock
calculations of the Auger rates for states with many electrons in high
-n states have been performed. The formation of hollow atoms outside t
he surface, in high-n states, has been observed at grazing incidence,
in contrast to the hollow atoms formed below the surface in lower-n st
ates (n=3-4). The decay to the ground state of these very excited ions
outside the surface represents less than 1% of the overall decays.