Refractive indices of two nematic liquid crystals, 5CB and 5PCH, were
measured from the 400- to 800-nm region at various temperatures. Resul
ts fit the three-band model well. Through comparisons, the contributio
ns of sigma and pi electrons to the refractive indices and birefringen
ce of uniaxial liquid crystals are evaluated quantitatively. These phy
sical insights are useful for tailoring liquid crystal molecules with
proper refractive indices.