C. Brydon et al., PULMONARY EMBOLUS AND PATENT FORAMEN OVALE - A RARE CAUSE OF REFRACTORY HYPOXEMIA, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 71(2), 1993, pp. 298-300
A patient with a large pulmonary embolus is described. The striking fe
atures were those of cardiovascular stability with hypoxaemia and hype
rcapnia. Cardiac catheterization confirmed the pulmonary embolus; in a
ddition there was found to be a patent foramen ovale (PFO), causing a
large right-to-left shunt. Removal of the pulmonary embolus and closur
e of the PFO dramatically improved alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient a
nd ventilatory requirements.