Mj. Smale et al., OCTOPOD BEAK IDENTIFICATION - RESOLUTION AT A REGIONAL LEVEL (CEPHALOPODA, OCTOPODA, SOUTHERN AFRICA), South African journal of marine sciences, 13, 1993, pp. 269-293
Characteristic features useful for distinguishing between lower beaks
of 14 species of Octopoda (Cephalopoda) were determined in a study of
southern African members of the order. The beak of each species is des
cribed and illustrated, and a key to aid identification is presented.
Regressions relating beak dimensions with length and mass of the whole
animal are also provided for use in predator/prey studies.