Gn. Theodorakis et al., LEFT ATRIAL FUNCTION AND ATRIAL-NATRIURETIC-FACTOR CYCLIC GUANOSINE-MONOPHOSPHATE CHANGES IN DDD AND VVI PACING MODES, The American journal of cardiology, 79(3), 1997, pp. 366
Left atrial systolic function and the plasma of atrial natriuretic fac
tor (ANF) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were investigated
as possible markers for the development of pacemaker syndrome during V
VI pacing. Patients who developed pacemaker syndrome during VVI pacing
had a significant decrease in left atrial emptying fraction and a sub
stantial increase in ANF and cGMP plasma levels.