Ws. Lau et al., TRUE OXIDE ELECTRON-BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT FOR LOW-VOLTAGE IMAGING OF LOCAL DEFECTS IN VERY THIN SILICON DIOXIDE FILMS, Applied physics letters, 63(16), 1993, pp. 2240-2242
A new low-voltage contrast mechanism due to electron hole pairs genera
ted in the oxide by an electron beam was observed at an electric field
lower than 3.5 MV/cm in addition to the tunneling current microscopy
(TCM) contrast mechanism at electric fields higher than 3.5 MV/cm. The
new contrast mechanism is opposite in sign to the TCM contrast mechan
ism. Good contrast can be obtained at an electric field as low as 2.4
MV/cm, which is two to three times smaller than that needed for TCM co
ntrast. Potential applications include large area imaging and quantita
tive imaging of oxide defects.