LANDSCAPING WITH WASTE

For centuries back, man has searched for and utilised geological mater ial resources for many different purposes. These efforts have left man y, large wounds or ''eyesores'' in bedrock and soil strata, that have destroyed the appearance of the original landscape, and which now ofte n serve as waste dumps and scrap sites. Worked-out gravel and sand pit s, as well as extinct quarries and open-pit mineral mines, can extend over wide areas of land and reach considerable depths. Depths which su bsequently have become particularly attractive as waste storage sites, especially when these offer short transport distances to suppliers in major, built-up areas and communities. This paper gives some examples as to how Stockholm has replaced worked-out overburden and rock masse s from eskers and rock strata with waste masses, simultaneously restor ing land formation into its original condition through landscaping. Sp ecific engineering-geological survey methods, control systems, as well as risk and sequel analyses, relating to long-term interplay between rock, soil strata and groundwater, with particular consideration to su rface construction and property development planning and isostatic upl ift, will be presented.