Evidence from Drosophila and also vertebrates predicts that two differ
ent sets of instructions may determine the development of the rostral
and caudal parts of the body. This implies different cellular and indu
ctive processes during gastrulation, whose genetic requirements remain
to be understood. To date, four genes encoding transcription factors
expressed in the presumptive vertebrate head during gastrulation have
been studied at the functional level: Lim-1, Otx-2, HNF-3 beta and goo
secoid. We discuss here the potential functions of these genes in the
formation of rostral head as compared to posterior head and trunk, and
in the light of recent fate map and expression analyses in mouse, chi
ck, Xenopus and zebrafish. These data indicate that Lim-1, Otx-2 and H
NF-3 beta may be involved in the same genetic pathway controlling the
formation of the prechordal mesendoderm, which is subsequently require
d for rostral head development. goosecoid may act in a parallel pathwa
y, possibly in conjunction with other, yet unidentified, factors.