Phww. Baatsen, EMPIRICALLY DETERMINED FREEZING TIME FOR QUICK-FREEZING WITH A LIQUID-NITROGEN-COOLED COPPER BLOCK, Journal of Microscopy, 172, 1993, pp. 71-79
A method is presented to determine freezing time empirically. The meth
od is based on determining the amount of stretch of a skinned muscle f
ibre while it is being frozen. Freezing time, as determined with this
method, lies in between 0.5 and 1.5 ms.