Si. Goloshchapov et al., TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONTINUOUS-FLOW HELIUM HEAT VESSEL FOR MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS, Instruments and experimental techniques, 36(3), 1993, pp. 495-499
The stability and nonuniformity of the helium flow in a continuous-flo
w heat vessel have been measured, and their dependence on temperature
is interpreted in terms of the heat exchange and hydrodynamics of the
helium flow. It is shown that the temperature gradient along the sampl
e can be as high as 5-degrees-K/cm over a broad temperature range, and
hence the main task of continuous-flow heat-vessel designers is to el
iminate the temperature gradient at the sample site.