EFFECTS OF THE MOLECULAR-WEIGHT OF HYALURONIC-ACID AND ITS ACTION MECHANISMS ON EXPERIMENTAL JOINT PAIN IN RATS

Objectives-It has been shown previously that hyaluronic acid (HA) has an analgesic action on bradykinin induced pain in the knee joints of r ats. This study further clarifies the effects of the molecular weight of HA and its mechanism of action in the same model using HA of molecu lar weight 800 to 2-3 x 10(6) daltons and a bradykinin antagonist. Met hods-Bradykinin and the test HA preparations were given to rats by int ra-articular injection, and the severity of pain was evaluated by a ch ange in the walking behaviour. Results-HA with a molecular weight grea ter than 40 kilodaltons produces analgesic effects with a simultaneous or earlier injection. The ID50 values of HA with molecular weight 40, 310, 860, and 2300 kilodaltons were greater than 2.5, 0.6, 0.07, and 0.06 mg/joint respectively. The duration of the analgesic effect of 86 0 and 2300 kilodalton HA was 72 hours at 10 mg/ml, whereas that of 310 kilodalton HA was short, being undetectable after 24 hours. The analg esic action of HA of 860 kilodaltons was not changed by pretreatment w ith four saccharide HA and inhibited by pretreatment with HA larger th an six to eight saccharides, capable of binding to HA receptors. Furth er, HA did not interfere with the analgesic action of the bradykinin a ntagonist, indicating that HA does not directly bind with bradykinin r eceptors. Conclusions-HA with a molecular weight of greater than 40 ki lodaltons produced an analgesic effect, and HA of 860 and 2300 kilodal tons produced high and long-lasting analgesia. These effects of HA app ear to be caused by the interaction between HA and HA receptors.