A. Oreilly et Ja. Scott, USE OF AN ION-EXCHANGE SPONGE TO IMMOBILIZE YEAST IN HIGH GRAVITY APPLE BASED (CIDER) ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATIONS, Biotechnology letters, 15(10), 1993, pp. 1061-1066
An ion-exchange sponge that can have a tailored surface charge has bee
n used for yeast immobilisation in high original gravity (o.g. 1.106)
cider fermentation. Continuous circulation of fermentation medium thro
ugh columns containing weakly basic sponge encouraged yeast growth, de
creased batch fermentation time and increased final ethanol concentrat
ion, possibly aided by sponge enhanced CO2 removal from solution.