ORIGIN OF MAGNETIC-FIELDS IN THE UNIVERSE DUE TO NONMINIMAL GRAVITATIONAL-ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING

Basically the only existing theories for the creation of a magnetic fi eld (B) in the Universe are the creation of a seed field similar to 10 (-20) G in spiral galaxy which is subsequently supposedly amplified up to the observed 10(-6)-10(-5) G by a dynamo process or a seed interga lactic field of similar to 10(-12)-10(-10) G which is amplified by col lapse and differential rotation. No satisfactory dynamo theory, howeve r, We show that a similar to 10(-6)-10(-5) G magnetic field in spiral galaxies is directly obtained from a nonminimal gravitational-electrom agnetic coupling, without the need of significant dynamo amplification .