K. Takayama et al., MICROWAVE INSTABILITY AT TRANSITION CROSSING - EXPERIMENTS AND A PROTON-KLYSTRON MODEL, Physical review letters, 78(5), 1997, pp. 871-874
Longitudinal bunch shapes in the KEK proton synchrotron were measured
by a fast bunch-monitor system, which showed the rapid growth of the i
nstability at the frequency of similar to 1 GHz and significant beam l
oss just after transition energy. Temporal evolution of the microwave
instability is explained for the first time with a proton-klystron mod
el.