F. Hourdin et al., METEOROLOGICAL VARIABILITY AND THE ANNUAL SURFACE PRESSURE CYCLE ON MARS, Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 50(21), 1993, pp. 3625-3640
It is commonly admitted that the seasonal surface pressure cycle, obse
rved on Mars by the two Viking landers, is due to condensation and sub
limation of the atmospheric carbon dioxide in the polar caps. A three
Martian year numerical simulation has been performed with a Martian Ge
neral Circulation Model developed from the terrestrial model of the La
boratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique. The conditions of the simulation
were those of a typical clear-sky situation. The results, validated by
comparison to Viking pressure measurements and to temperature fields
retrieved from Mariner-9 measurements, show that the pressure cycle de
pends on the location on the planet. They strongly suggest that, in ad
dition to condensation and sublimation of the atmospheric carbon dioxi
de, two other effects significantly contribute to the pressure cycle:
an orographic effect resulting from the difference in mean height betw
een the two hemispheres, and a dynamical effect resulting from the geo
strophic balance between the mass and wind field. In high latitudes, t
he pressure variation linked to the dynamical effect may have the same
magnitude (about 25%) as the global mass variation due to the condens
ation-sublimation cycle. A shorter dust storm simulation is also in go
od agreement with observations, in particular as concerns the surface
pressure variations and the low-level winds, independently estimated f
rom observations of the bright streaks on the surface of the planet. T
hese results show that the atmospheric mass budget cannot be correctly
estimated from local measurements such as Viking measurements.