In the last decade there has been an increase in the incidence of deco
mpression sickness in Ireland. The modern diver, equipped with special
ly developed diving equipment, is exposed to abnormal physiological co
nditions. This has resulted in a spectrum of medical conditions, which
need to be recognised, diagnosed and treated. The department of Under
water Medicine at University College Hospital, Galway, is the only ref
erral centre in the Republic of Ireland for patients suffering from de
compression sickness. Early recognition and referral for treatment dra
matically improves patient outcome. A one year's review or patients re
ferred for treatment is presented.