Although parental participation in schooling is a common topic in the
rhetoric of educational reform, few researchers have looked at the pro
cess by which people learn to become parents. This article describes h
ow parents in two communities constructed their roles in a social cont
ext shaped by economic resources, local notions of home-school relatio
ns, and information networks. Framed from a Vygotskian perspective, it
examines parenting as a social activity that is internalized by indiv
iduals through their daily interactions. It connects the actions of pa
rents with the activities of schools, showing the relationships betwee
n family ideas about their roles and the practices of school as interr
elated.