Ja. Lott et al., ROOM-TEMPERATURE CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION OF RED VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASER-DIODES, Electronics Letters, 29(19), 1993, pp. 1693-1694
The first room temperature (23-degrees-C) continuous wave visible vert
ical cavity surface emitting laser diodes are reported. Annular contac
t devices with a 5mum optical aperture in a 15mum diameter mesa emit a
t 670.4nm with a threshold current of 5mA at 2.4V. Devices with 20-60m
um diameter mesas operate continuous wave below -13-degrees-C.