This paper is a general review of the instrumentation used for measuri
ng paper stock consistency. An overall introduction of the problem is
presented first, followed by a description of the leading types of sen
sors. The operating range, environmental concerns, and any special con
siderations for use of each gauge are discussed. A brief mention is ma
de of gauges under development which employ special technology. Finall
y, typical examples of control loop arrangements are suggested.