M. Takahashi et al., LASER-DIODE INTEGRATED WITH A LOW RADIATION LOSS THICKNESS-TAPERED BEAM EXPANDER FOR HIGHLY EFFICIENT FIBER COUPLING, Optical review, 3(6B), 1996, pp. 484-486
The optimal structure of a laser diode monolithically integrated with
a thickness-tapered beam expander waveguide is demonstrated by analyzi
ng the relationship between fiber coupling efficiencies and radiation
losses. It is also found that mode conversion loss is lowered in a rid
ge waveguide structure than in a buried hetero structure under equival
ent fiber coupling. A fabricated ridge waveguide device based on this
design shows threshold current as low as 16 mA and narrow beam diverge
nces of 13 degrees and 12 degrees.