IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES ON THE WAITING LIST AND RESULTS IN PEDIATRIC LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION

The wide application of liver transplantation in children is hampered by the shortage of size-matched pediatric donors; this results in high mortality rate on the waiting list, a long waiting time, worsening of the clinical condition of the waiting patient, deterioration of the o verall results, and an increase in the cost. Reduced-size liver transp lants have been shown to be a safe way to alleviate the shortage of si ze-matched organs. We have retrospectively analyzed the impact of the reduced-size liver transplants on the waiting list and the results in a consecutive series of 314 transplants performed in 261 children over an 8-year period (1984-1991). Among these 314 grafts, 160 (51%) were innovative techniques including 86 reduced livers (stricto senso), 66 partial livers (with preservation of the recipient vena cava), and 8 s plit livers. Such an extensive use of these technical variants allowed a sharp decrease in the waiting list mortality: from 14.9% between 19 84 and 1989 to 6.6% in 1990 and 5% in 1991; the corresponding figures for infants registered under the age of 1 year were 25%, 13.3%, and 8. 3%, respectively. Results obtained with a full-size graft or a technic al variant were similar regarding surgical complications (with a signi ficantly lower incidence of arterial thrombosis for the reduced transp lants), graft loss, and patient survival. The 5-year survival of the w hole group was 78.1% without any significant difference regarding type of transplant, indications (with the best results: 89.4% 5-year survi val obtained in 41 children grafted for metabolic diseases), or age (t he 5-year survival was 82.2% for the 41 infants transplanted under the age of 1 year, 78.9% for the 124 children transplanted between 1 and 3 years, and 81.3% for the 96 children transplanted between 6 and 15 y ears). This series of reduced-size liver transplants, which is the lar gest worldwide single institutional experience, confirms that the exte nsive use of reduced transplants in children is safe; this study also shows that innovative techniques, including the split liver, allow a d rastic decrease of the waiting list mortality of candidates in the ped iatric age range without alterations of the results.