Tl. Deckwerth et Em. Johnson, TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH (APOPTOSIS) OF SYMPATHETIC NEURONS DEPRIVED OF NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR, The Journal of cell biology, 123(5), 1993, pp. 1207-1222
The time course of molecular events that accompany degeneration and de
ath after nerve growth factor (NGF) deprivation and neuroprotection by
NGF and other agents was examined in cultures of NGF-dependent neonat
al rat sympathetic neurons and compared to death by apoptosis. Within
12 h after onset of NGF deprivation, glucose uptake, protein synthesis
, and RNA synthesis fell precipitously followed by a moderate decrease
of mitochondrial function. The molecular mechanisms underlying the NG
F deprivation-induced decrease of protein synthesis and neuronal death
were compared and found to be different, demonstrating that this decr
ease of protein synthesis is insufficient to cause death subsequently.
After these early changes and during the onset of neuronal atrophy, i
nhibition of protein synthesis ceased to halt neuronal degeneration wh
ile readdition of NGF or a cAMP analogue remained neuroprotective for
6 h. This suggests a model in which a putative killer protein reaches
lethal levels several hours before the neurons cease to respond to rea
ddition of NGF with survival and become committed to die. Preceding lo
ss of viability by 5 h and concurrent with commitment to die, the neur
onal DNA fragmented into oligonucleosomes. The temporal and pharmacolo
gical characteristics of DNA fragmentation is consistent with DNA frag
mentation being part of the mechanism that commits the neuron to die.
The antimitotic and neurotoxin cytosine arabinoside induced DNA fragme
ntation in the presence of NGF, supporting previous evidence that it m
imicked NGF deprivation-induced death closely. Thus trophic factor dep
rivation-induced death occurs by apoptosis and is an example of progra
mmed cell death.