Estimation of lean mass and lipids levels in birds involves the deriva
tion of predictive equations that relate morphological measurements an
d, more recently, total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) indices t
o known lean and lipid masses. Using cross-validation techniques, we e
valuated the ability of several published and new predictive equations
to estimate lean and lipid mass of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris
pusilla) and White-rumped Sandpipers (C. fuscicollis). We also tested
ideas of Morton et al. (1991), who stated that current statistical app
roaches to TOBEC methodology misrepresent precision in estimating body
fat. Three published interspecific equations using TOBEC indices pred
icted lean and lipid masses of our sample of birds with average errors
of 8-28% and 53-155%, respectively. A new two-species equation relati
ng lean mass and TOBEC indices revealed average errors of 4.6% and 23.
2% in predicting lean and lipid mass, respectively. New intraspecific
equations that estimate lipid mass directly from body mass, morphologi
cal measurements, and TOBEC indices yielded about a 13% error in lipid
estimates. Body mass and morphological measurements explained a subst
antial portion of the variance (about 90%) in fat mass of both species
. Addition of TOBEC indices improved the predictive model more for the
smaller than for the larger sandpiper. TOBEC indices explained an add
itional 7.8% and 2.6% of the variance in fat mass and reduced the mini
mum breadth of prediction intervals by 0.95 g (32%) and 0.39 g (13%) f
or Semipalmated and White-rumped Sandpipers, respectively. The breadth
of prediction intervals for models used to predict fat levels of indi
vidual birds must be considered when interpreting the resultant lipid
estimates.