Sc. Snyder et al., DIRECT EVIDENCE OF DEPARTURE FROM LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM IN A FREE-BURNING ARC-DISCHARGE PLASMA, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics, 48(5), 1993, pp. 4124-4127
Radial profiles of gas temperature, electron temperature, and electron
density were measured in a free-burning atmospheric-pressure argon ar
c-discharge plasma using line-shape analysis of scattered laser light.
This method yields gas temperature, electron temperature, and electro
n density directly, with no reliance on the assumption of local thermo
dynamic equilibrium (LTE). Our results show a significant departure fr
om LTE in the center of the discharge, contrary to expectations.