We have measured the characteristics of aluminum tunnel junctions duri
ng and immediately after the formation of the junction. This has permi
tted us to observe changes in the oxide barrier, in vacuum and in air.
By observing the barrier resistance during sputtering, we were able t
o diagnose and correct problems due to plasma discharges which were da
maging the junctions. We report preliminary results from junctions pas
sivated with a silicon nitride cap layer.