7 individuals who were negative for HIV-1 antibody in a licensed serum
enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were positive in a urine EIA and western blo
t (WB). Follow-up in individuals by use of a cell-mediated immune resp
onse showed 1 positive and 1 negative for HIV-1 peptide reactivity. In
a second study, 4 out of 5 subjects positive by urine EIA and indeter
minate or negative by serum WB were HIV-1 peptide positive in the cell
-mediated immune test. Comparison of cell-mediated responses with urin
e antibody responses may help to resolve discrepant HIV-1 results.