In our experience, the incidence of an association between peripheral
neuropathy and hemopathy is around 7%. The corresponding nerve involve
ment may reveal or complicate a known hemopathy. The exact cause-effec
t relationship is not always easy to identify. We discuss here the per
ipheral nerve complications of acute leukemia, myeloproliferative diso
rders, monoclonal dysglobulinemia, non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma an
d Hodgkin's disease. The peripheral neuropathy arising in cases of mon
oclonal dysglobulinemia, non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma have most be
nefited from ultrastructural examination and advances in immunological
and immunocytochemical techniques. Accurate determination of the lesi
onal mechanism should help devise appropriate therapeutic strategies.