Ca. Johnson et al., PHARMACOKINETICS AND EX-VIVO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL IN PATIENTS RECEIVING CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 37(12), 1993, pp. 2650-2655
Pharmacokinetics of cefpodoxime, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin, w
ere determined for eight noninfected patients on continuous ambulatory
peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and eight healthy volunteers. Subjects wer
e matched for sex, age (+/-6 years), and body weight (+/-10 kg, except
for one pair) and received a single 200-mg (cefpodoxime equivalents)
oral dose of the prodrug cefpodoxime proxetil in an open-label, paired
-design fashion. Dialysate (CAPD group only), plasma, and urine sample
s were collected and assayed for cefpodoxime by a microbiologic method
. In addition, mean bactericidal titers of the effluent dialysate agai
nst selected bacterial strains often associated with CAPD-related peri
tonitis were determined at 6 and 24 h after the dose. There was a sign
ificant difference (P<0.05) in all pharmacokinetic parameters between
healthy and CAPD subjects, except for lag time to absorption. The mean
peak plasma cefpodoxime concentration of 1.88 +/- 0.6 mu g/ml occurre
d at 2.44 +/- 0.5 h for healthy volunteers, while the peak concentrati
on of 3.25 +/- 1.4 mu g/ml occurred at 12.0 +/- 4.2 h for patients on
CAPD. The average elimination half-life in CAPD patients was approxima
tely 12 times greater than that seen in healthy volunteers. Peritoneal
dialysis had a minimal effect on cefpodoxime clearance. In healthy vo
lunteers, 24.2% +/- 13% of the dose was recovered from the urine, in c
ontrast to only 5.59% +/- 6.9% for CAPD patients. The mean bactericida
l titers for all CAPD patients, at 6 and 24 h, were mostly less than 1
:2 and did not exceed 1:4 for any of the isolates. Because of the decr
eased renal clearance and negligible dialysate clearance of cefpodoxim
e, and delayed drug absorption, the dosage interval for cefpodoxime pr
oxetil may need to be extended in CAPD patients.